All that matters is Happiness!!!... ⤼

It’s been a year, since Naydu family went for outing anywhere. Full family was in a fresh mood. Even after journey started @ 10 PM, nobody was feeling sleepy. And why not? Such excitement becomes compulsory when you are getting something after a long time (& you are also waiting for it…).

Long time is referred in the sense that Mr & Mrs Naydu has stopped any kind of expense which is not fruitful or helpful in improving money condition of home. Their sacrifice is amazingly marvelous (after all, they are parents and the parenting, itself is a great task). Mrs Naydu spends her free time with close relatives and a sewing machine. In fact, she has considered that machine to be another companion of life apart from the husband. Her husband, Mr Naydu, a purely sincere business man, dedicated his life to serve their children. After saving every penny, they afforded a home.

Coming back to the trip, this time both husband, wife, their son 'Antariksh' and his wife 'Ruby'. Antariksh is an investment banker and earning sufficient to afford this full trip. Ruby is also an HR in a reputed firm. Even after getting this much achievement, they have decided to travel in sleeper class of train because they believe in simplicity. The family routed themselves in Jaisalmer - a tourist spot in Rajasthan.  once they reached the destination, what they are seeing is a big crowd enjoying their holidays.

The atmosphere is very cold yet crowdy. People are covered with cloths to

save themselves from freezing pink cold. It's 4:30 am in morning. Mr Naydu is aware of the place so they are ready to start their fun. Antariksh also googled some details and they are completely prepare to walk around with any guidance. The real fun begins after the station. First of all, they got some place to fresh up and have some tea and snacks.

The sleepy mood ran away in the excitement of journey. But the God is sometime in the mood of playing hard. Just after they had their breakfast: Some snatcher gang came on the bike and covered the family. They threatened Naydu n family to give away all the things which they have. Now, Mr Naydu is a man with good understanding. So instead of fighting with them, he allowed them to take whatever they had. Those burglars took all of the stuff including purses, money, luggage, phones, etc. The family left alone with no help @ 5:30 am in the morning. This is the time when they are not going to get any help from any one. Not even police!!!

The incident is a big stroke to the family's mentality. Mrs Naydu started crying. They found one place to sit and at the same time some other lady was also crying at the same place. Antariksh asked that lady the reason. Surprisingly, that lady was also one of the victim but her luggage was stolen not snatched. Anyway, situation was same. In such situation, No one was able to think about what to do next. Suddenly, Ruby woke up and inspired Antariksh to handle situation.

Mr Naydu and Ruby stood there along with Mrs Naydu and Antariksh went to police station. The police officer played a very serious role of being kind. He just wrote a simple application (Not even FIR... :( ). Antariksh called one friend and arranged all the material to continue the journey. He returned to his parents and said few words of happiness. I don't know what he said but whole family agreed to continue the trip (even with the off-mood). They completed their whole trip and decided not to have any such trip.

But Antariksh and Ruby are still in the hope of convincing their parents because they know that "All that matters is Happiness!!..."

Next time! when your child ask for play Computer Game, you will be saying YES!!!! If you have read this....

Is It So?!!

Yes, you are reading it right... If you feel your child is ruining his/her life by playing too much games then you may be wrong. Because there are lots of games in the world, who can earn you million dollar. Then you must be questioning about why i am not doing it and writing this stupid blog. For that, Let me tell you my friend that, playing game is easy and achieving a stage where you start earning is not some beginner's fun. I have already tied up my hands with many other things but whenever i'll get free time, i am going to try it.

For creating attraction, lemme give you example of the most famous DOTA game. Every year, a tournament is organized. The winner team is getting much more money than our routine salary job or a business. In 2016, the distributed prize amount was $20,770,460. (It took 30-50 seconds for me to spell this number...). This international competition was  held @Seattle. (For more information, Just google it or visit reference-1).

Playing, Winning and Earning

"Elders say that

when you do something,

do it for a purpose."

Every time, when a new game is launched in market, first task should be to do a research. There are possibilities that game is coming with chances to earn. For example, Playing rummy, poker, etc. can be a source of income. These games can pay you up to some thousands. If you are a good player then you can make it full time job to play and earn.

Some games even help you increase your social networking. For example, Ingress is a well-established game with a networking base virtual reality world concept. It encourages you to travel the world and visit different sites (you can say Pokémon Go is a copy of virtual reality based game). 

For earning through Games, There are two (indirectly many) ways,

• Either you select a game which is being played in competitive manner and there is money to win
• You play every game, become a master and start promoting their game (companies will pay you to promote their game)

Both case requires proper concentration, determination and willingness to win. However, if we count indirect ways then there are many ways.

• Either you can start creating plug-ins for games
• Hard-wares which make it more easier to play (For example, drone controlled through phone and connected to phone GPS for Pokémon Go)
• Arrange tournaments
• Get sponsors
• keep prizes
• registration, etc.
• Generate your own event
• Use your business mind and marketing techniques
• Create a game yourself
• Play for some others and get good scores for them
• And Many More....

In case, you need my help just leave a comment here... :)

References

1. http://dota2.prizetrac.kr/
2. http://moneypantry.com/get-paid-to-play-games-online-for-free/

How to be long-distant best Parent?

     Introduction

I may not be a right person for this topic but few months back, i got one assignment to work on. I am just posting my finding of that time. In today's life, you may find it very hard to be at one place constantly. I have heard that IT jobs are like a cats n dogs fight. you fight with your company, change your job.

Being a parent has never been a simple job. The tasks becomes more challenging, when a parent is geographically far away from their kids. Each parent, i.e. father and mother, has different perspective. The optimal development of children requires the perspectives of both. The child’s self-image, moral development and ability to develop positive relationships are influenced by the role of father and mother both. However, the long distances, whatever the reason it may be for, reduces intimacy and understanding between the parents and the children. It is possible that, such distances may get converted into the emotional distances. It is the responsibility of parent to take care of such situation and handle scenario before the loss of emotions. This requires the parent to have compassion, commitment and integrity to the parent-child relationship. This essay emphasis on the effective ways that helps geographically far located father because of job to maintain close relationship with his children (Defoe, 1719).

2.      The word “Long-Distance”

Generally, long-distance phrase is referred to indicate the distance which gives a feeling of really far. Even if it is a centimeter distance, it may be considered as long distance. However, as one of the definition of Long-distance, Oxford dictionary has following content. “Denoting or relating to a race distance of 6 miles or 10,000 meters (6 miles 376 yds), or longer” (Oxford Dictionaries, 2016).

3.      Kid’s relationship with long-distant father

The overall well-being of children is largely influenced by the mere presence of father figure in their life. It was reported by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services that due to absence of father from children’s life, the change of drug and alcohol addiction, criminality, poor education performance, mental illness, teen pregnancy, suicide, etc. among children increases. The father by their presence in contributes significantly to the child’s mental peacefulness. Nearly 63% youth suicides and 85% of children suffering from behavioral disorders belongs to fatherless home. Thus, the involvement of father in the kids’ lives is very essential. Simply giving financial and emotional support will not do to maintain physical health of the kids (Defoe, 1719).

 Keeping lines of communication open with kids is always beneficial for the long-distance dad. The father should have regular contact with his kids by telephoning. In today’s high-tech communication age, conversation, exchange of photos, etc. have become very easy through emails. It is possible to have virtual visitation, real time and face-to-face conversation with the help of web-cam. The regular contact will keep a long-distance dad aware of the kids’ daily activities and progress (Ashley, 2008).

Maintaining good relationship with the mother supports the long-distance dad a lot. It gives the dad a full picture of happenings in the children’s lives. As in the absence of father, it is a mother who looks after the children’s school schedules, their homework, school activities and other various daily stuff. In case mother is happy, she will support the attempts and efforts of the long-distance dad to stay in touch with his kids. If mother is unhappy due certain activities of father, it is possible that she may bad mouth the long-distance father to kids and may influence their relationship with their dad (Ashley, 2008).  

Due to technological advancement, it is possible for the long-distance dad to maintain balance between work and family. He has an opportunity to involve in the kids’ lives, and have better and regular interaction with them. They have better chance to resolve the problems, confusion and dilemmas of kids, as well as impart them essential understanding and knowledge for their optimal development.

Showcasing commitment assists in holding solid relationship, specifically during odd times. A father needs to show his commitment to create the highest level of trust. Every effort seems to be ineffective if the child don’t feel the commitment from father. This dedication is required more over the age. As children grow, their expectations from father also grow and amount of carefulness required also grow (Ashley, 2008).

 References

Ashley, Steven. The Long-Distance Dad: How You Can Be There for Your Child-Whether Divorced, Deployed, or on-the road. Avon, MA: Adams Media, 2008. Print.

Defoe, Daniel. Robinson Crusoe. London: Macmillan and Company, 1719. Print.

Oxford Dictionaries. “Definition of long distance in English”. 2016. 11 May 2016.

A New Deadly Virus : Pokemon Goooooooooo!!!!!

          History says that every new game captures the market very rapidly if it has something creative, it relates to the childhood and it creates an endless competition. On 6th July, 2016, same thing got released in the market with the name "Pokémon Go". The game is basically related to the Pokémon cartoon. Name, itself, attracts the people. (I'm sure you'll google out the history and details of game owners...)

It’s been 11 days to its release (as I am writing this thing on 17th July 2017). Before 6 days, i.e. 11th July, 2016, it was reported that there are 5.9% of android user who are active in this game. Wagner (2016) also suggested that estimated user count might be around 9.5 million USA citizens. There are N number of articles published, various tools and techniques are developed to play it better. Even a race is started to be on top. According to top players, the game has yet to be in its full mode because there are many features to evolve the market.

Let's take a small look at what the hell this game is!!?? The game is designed on the basis of virtual reality. There is one character, presenting the player and a virtual world layer created on the top of the actual world. Now, the game is to travel the world and move along all the places. Whenever you move, the character in the game also moves in the same direction. After few distance, you will see a Pokémon, all you need to do is hit it with a ball and catch it... (Like the one shown in the image here). According to the experience and amount of travel, your level is decided. (It increases gradually). This is basic rule of game, travel and collect. After a certain level, there are other parts also which will come as you start following the game. For the game, there should be GPS enabled and data network.

The game has created such an impression that people are doing crazy things in order to play it. Some people are trace passing in the properties where they are not allowed to. There are many incidents reported with nuisance work. People are not looking at the road, they are just looking on mobile screen and catch Pokémon. Walking person is not even listening to her companion. Recently, I heard about a truck accident which happened because the driver was playing this bloody game and he didn't care for others. There are many more such effects.

Now this game is creating both positive and negative effects. As a positive effect, first of all, it is keeping those busy whose minds are free (I guess they must be on the bench...J). People, like me, are trying to find ways to earn from this game. There are people who say that this game has created a very positive effect on their mental health. (I didn't believe them!!! can you? Check here...). However, I would suggest you to refer this article for checking out the mental effects of this game.

Today, when I started typing in google for some search work. I just started typing “How to” and I got the suggestions “How to play Pokémon Go” as first suggestion. J. I wonder, how much, people used it in last 10-12 days. It has also got the attention of hackers. Recently, hackers crashed game's server by DDOS methods. The game has taken the level of play from children’s hand to the real world. It is good that it is encouraging people to travel the world. But let’s hope that people do enjoy the beauty of the world during this travel and don’t fall blind behind the madness of this game. I guess playing it for some time isn’t going to create any harm… What you have to say about this?

References

Wagner, K. (2016). How many people are actually playing Pokémon Go? Here’s our best guess so far. Just a little back-of-the-napkin math. Retrieved on July 17, 2016, from http://www.recode.net/2016/7/13/12181614/pokemon-go-number-active-users

Cnet. (2016). 17 tips for Pokemon Go. Retrieved on July 17, 2016, from http://www.cnet.com/pictures/16-tips-for-pokemon-go/

Attn. (2016). Pokémon Go Is Having an Effect on Players' Mental Health. Retrieved on July 17, 2016, from http://www.attn.com/stories/9779/pokemon-go-affecting-players-mental-health

BeautyNot. (2016). How Pokémon Go effects Your Mental Health. Retrieved on July 17, 2016, from http://www.beautynot.com/how-pokemon-go-effects-your-mental-health/#.V4vHU7h97IU

Utna hi teri adaao ka mere dil pe chhaya khumaar he...

No matter, how much pain you are in the ass!!!
No matter, how you act in your normal ways... :D
Only i know, how deep you care for me...

Thank you my dear for taking a task of renovating my life...
(I know its a bit tough task... :P)

Dedicated to my dearest piece of heart...

kabhi jaagte hue khabo me to kabhi sote hue sapno me,

tum maano na maano par hamare liye tum ho mere apno me....

parinde ko hawaa se aur mitti ko pani se jitna pyaar he,

utna hi teri adaao ka mere dil pe chhaya khumaar he...

har lamhe ko puri khushi se jina sikhaya he tumne,

is duniya ki sari khubsurti pe dhyan dilaya he tumne....

aatar ki khushbu ko logo k sukun se jitna pyaar he,

utna hi teri adaao ka mere dil pe chhaya khumaar he...

tumhare liye paagal hua hu ye mera ikrar he,

dhadkane suni to pata chala k sala dil hi kahi faraar he...

khuda ko insaan se aur insaan ko apni jaan se jitna pyaar he,

utna hi teri adaao ka mere dil pe chhaya khumaar he...

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

कभी  जागते हुयें ख़्वाबों में, तो कभी सोते हुयें सपनों में,
तुम मानों ना मानों पर हमारे लिये तुम हो मेरे अपनो में!
परिंदे को हवा और मीट्टी को पानी से जितना प्यार हैं,
उतना ही तेरी अदाओं  का मेरे दिल पे छाया खुमार हैं!

हर लम्हे को पुरी ख़ुशी से जीना सिखाया हैं तुमने,
इस दुनियाँ की खूबसूरती पर ध्यान दिलाया हैं तुमनें!
अतर की खुशबु को लोगो के सुकून से जितना प्यार हैं ,
उतना ही तेरी अदाओं  का मेरे दिल पे छाया खुमार हैं!

तुम्हारे लिए हुआ हूँ पागल, ये मेरा इकरार हैं,

धड़कने सुनी तो पता चला के साला दिल ही कही फरार हैं !

खुदा को इन्सान से और इन्सान को अपनी जान से जितना प्यार हैं ,

उतना ही तेरी अदाओं  का मेरे दिल पे छाया खुमार हैं!

Being an Ideal for Society - "Pujit Rupani Trust"

There are 2 kinds of people in this world

- one who shares humanity video, pics, sayings (we consider them active members of whatsApp and   other Social Media!!)

- one who actually cares and takes actions to help...(They don't ask for publicity but they deserve it...)

Self Appraisal:

This is the right time for self appreciation.

Today,

I am a "Technology Analyst" at "Infosys Limited - Jaipur", where i am kind of working with the awesome team.

I am working with my wife  for her content writing business and online tutoring work.

Now, I am writing my own blogs.

Sometimes, i also involve myself in some freelancing stuff... (More About Me & FB)

Yup!!!! That's me... :D

When i used to be a stray cattle, I wasn't aware that i can also be such useful idiot. In crucial times of study life, i could have given up on my learning task because of the economic situations of my dear family.

My dear friends Group of Trust
with Anjali Ma'am

In this situation, I got a name "Pujit Rupani Trust". My paa heard that this is the place which he should visit and explain them the situation. I don't know what all processes my father followed or whom he contacted. But "Pujit Rupani Trust" took my responsibility for the expense of study.

On the first day, when i entered the ambiance, it was a very  peaceful, clean, yet full of people, atmosphere. I met the other students. I came to know about them and then i got the information about trust and its activities. Let me take a moment and describe what are my thoughts of their work.

Believe me,
They are much more expressive!! :)
Anjali Ma'am and Vijay Sir

Main name behind the trust is Mr Vijay Rupani. A big name in today's politics :). He might have other side as a political professional but we, as students, never felt so. When i stand in front of him, i always felt safe. He got his fame because of his kind nature, not because of any political movement... Along with the career, he is also leading this trust and helping people.

On one hand, he is working for society and spreading his love to all of them who are in need. On the other hand, Mrs Anjali Rupani is an ideal to follow. She is making an equal efforts for the success of this noble cause. with her impressive personality, she is able to convince and guide us very effectively. She has always provided her warm support,

On these two pillars, the flag of Pujit Rupani Trust is making awesome movements for the improvement of society. Along with them, There is a tremendous team working with them. They provide help to students in need. They help the poor to get earning so that they don't have to fight for bread and butter. They help sick people in getting medical help (Otherwise, the situation would be like i would prefer to be sick, instead of handling medical expense... :( ). I don't even know, how many more ways they are working for society. (However, you can always visit "Pujit Rupani Trust Official Website" for more information about them...)

Even if i keep on writing about them, i don't think i can repay their debt of love. I will be thank full to them, to the trust and to all the persons of the trust, who contributed in giving my life a direction. Will not bore you with my emotional talks (I guess i already did!!!). Only last thing to say-

I am just a little confused about their existence.

I don't know whether they are GOD or the entities representing GOD.

Beeindruckend!!! an awesome change

"Only loving partner may be a proud for you but loving partner with caring attitude and helpful nature is surely a proud for you and jealousy for others... :)"

- An honored wife.

"A relation works properly, when there is mutual understanding" - Some one stupid. And i have been searching this stupid person through out my life to slap him. According to me, relation works properly, when one person (at-least) has calm nature and good understanding of things. Here, I am about to present a story of one person with heavy patience... :D

Here in Goa:

"If i am in Goa, i am not going to listen anything... m surely going to enjoy little more into water" - with anger Joy started shouting on his wife Shikha. Actually, shikha has a water-o-fobia. she clearly declared an order stating that no one will go in deep water (she was actually standing where even shoe was not fully in water...).
They started fighting and suddenly, shikha was out of argument so she yelled at Joy and said - "I don't wanna listen to your nonsense arguments, don't talk to me". that's it. That was a red signal.
but it was very hard for Joy to understand because it was second day of his honeymoon. Yes, you read it correct. Just before 7

days, this boy and girl were converted into "an arranged couple".

Some years back:

Splendid life of Joy started when he took birth. (:D of-course from birth, true for those who are happily positive ;) ). but life changed when he selected to study from a different location. This chandigarh born boy has decided to live an independent life for self growth (So theoretical). As we all know, college life is full of "FUN". he enjoyed it, lived it and left it.
His shining luck has supported him to get a job even after recession. As an emotional fool fresher, he started working hard with whatever chiller he was getting at that small start up. Along with the hard work (and company switching strategy...), he saved enough for his marriage and honeymoon.
Nature-wise, he's an angry idiot. His friends know and react according to mood swings. Unwilling situations force him to present fancy, strange expressions.

on the other hand,

Joint family girl, Shikha: had already a life full of happy emotions, good time.  Upper middle class, joint family, beauty with brain. Along with all these combinations, she was raised with great care. She was just a common girl who loves her dad aaallllooottt... After completion of master course, she started her job with marketing section. she was actually confused with her career. She wanted to be a teacher, she wanted to be a manager in marketing department, she has feeling of being good HR. she was actually running where ever the wind was going.
Even after these many confusions, she was happy with every work she picked. Coming on the character part, Shikha is a very much angry, stub-burn and zero patience girl. she has prepared a big file of wishes (It seems almost everything which can be used to fascinate was there in her list). In case of people skills, she is little lacking in handling them.

The day

That's the beauty of God. He will never bear peace in one's life. It was horrible Sunday. Their parents decided to arrange the meeting for the proposal of this new relationship. After first round of interview, their parents decided that boy and girl should meet alone now... That first meeting was a key to change their future. The scenario description according to Joy-

"First of all, i was having very strange feelings due to the style of arrange marriage, moreover, i never had that fluency with girls. Still, i started walking towards the place where she was waiting for me. Along with every footstep, my confusion level and heartbeat level was increasing. I wasn't nervous but i was confused on how i should behave to make her feel comfortable.
Finally, i reached in that room, took a deep breath and opened the door. Beeindruckend!!! The beauty of face was like a shining bulb with 10,000 Walt power. That eyeliner was suitable enough to create awesome eye shade. The small fancy decorative mark on her forehead was catching eyes. Her mild lipstick made my mouth water. well-arranged hairstyle according to her personality. Magical dressing style. I was getting a feel of meeting with rich celebrity. For once, i took a step back and thought that this girl looks so good and I may not be suitable idiot for her... :("

After entering the room, Joy got a warm welcome with tensed face. Shikha was also in same confusion. Joy understood this situation quickly and started the light conversation to cheer her up. He even made some jokes according to situation also. After creating comfortable environment, they had some stupid chit-chat (I really don't know what magic happened between them, they both agreed for the marriage).

Courtship

Some call it golden period of life. People say that this is the duration when both can start knowing each other, but in this chapter, Joy and Shikha spent 90% of their time fighting. The anger level of Shikha was at the level of sky, It's that remaining 10% duration in which they came closer, even said "I love you to each other" (out of curiosity, i asked joy how you did it!! :) ). Joy shared their conversation topics
- Don't talk to me
- Don't call me
- I don't wanna talk to you
- Get out of my way etc...
Joy said that it was only one incident when Shikha understood her mistake and confronted him. Apart from this, Joy was the one who always left his ego behind and thought of letting it go.

Back to second day of honeymoon

Those fights were not just limited to courtship. They were extended after marriage and this time, they were even in large size. For initial 6 months, they fought for around 4.5 months and rest of the time, Joy spent on convincing her. Even this duration was sufficient enough that their love was increased silently.
Shikha's tolerance level is almost zero. Moreover, she was that sweetest girl of her home where she never got any scoldings. So, she was getting hit @ every moment.
Till today, she never tried understood Joy. she never listened to him. she never provided any support or any co-operation. She never granted any of his wish.
However, Shikha took great care of Joy. she helped him managing proper relationship, Taught him humanity. Changed his style. Improved his status and along with a huge responsibility of Joy as a husband, she also started a job.

Holidays

Now is the turning point of the story. Shikha went her home to spend free/quality time. The duration was 10 days. This is the time when Joy understood the love and emotions he has developed inside for Shikha. On the other hand, Shikha's condition was not so different. She was also missing him a lot.
Joy was missing the scoldings of shikha. start of day with rotten tomato face of shikha, her scoldings, her caring nature, her beauty. he was missing everything.
First time, he understood that

• He was very much wrong in taking proper care of her.
• How much insufficient he was in giving her the comfort level which she was getting at her parent's home!!
• How much idiot he was, when he was not agreeing to what she was demanding (after all, Shikha has a good understanding level, she doesn't demand moon in real.)
• Joy got the point that the girl has left everything from her past life and came to join a fool to spend her rest of life.
• Even after this much realization, he decided to be the best hubby according to Shikha.

when shikha returned from home, she came to Joy and tightly hugged him. She expressed her loneliness without Joy. From that, Joy started the efforts to be a good husband. These days, I don't hear any sounds of fight. However, i surely can listen the scolding voice of Shikha but never a high volume of Joy. Joy always tries to do the thing which shikha likes. Joy stopped putting his useless, demands. Joy started helping Shikha in every small work of home or office. He is living very lovely and fantastic life. What you guys have to say? is it ok of live like Joy or Something better can happen....

African American History

Discussion 1

Revolutionary ideas of African-American towards freedom and independence

            The enlightenment of America plays an important role in determining the aspects of current colonial America. Without the ideas of enlightenment, America would have been a different country. Declaration of independence is based upon the enlightenment ideologies. Enlightenment affected all the aspects of religion and life. People like Thomas Jefferson from American history were very influenced by the enlightenment. It showcased the power of democracy and the role of people in shaping the government and this was also one of the ideologies of African-Americans to have equal power or the balance of power. The enlightenment movement also helped Americans to oppose the extra taxes enforced upon them by British government same as what African-Americans thought when they were treated as slaves and were asked to pay extra taxes to government. Enlightenment also had a major influence of religion and many colonies shaped due to religion. Now people were free to choose the church they need membership for and were not at all forced to do so. This ideology of freedom and free will was also one of the most important ideologies which African-Americans had to get the freedom and live their life on their own terms (May, 2010).

The 19^th century Abolition movement

            Slavery was very common in colonial era, in that era some of the Americans opposed the slavery and also protested against it. This movement was termed as ‘Abolition movement’. This movement was one of the reasons which led to American Civil war. Soon after Abolition movement started, it became the important and key element in American politics. In 1856, the Republican Party candidate Abraham Lincoln became the president of United States as the party was against the slavery. People like Frederick Douglass, Harriet Tubman, and Harriet Beecher Stove were very leading in this movement and helped people to create an anti-slavery society. This movement changed the fate of all the slaves after Abraham Lincoln was declared as President of United states as issued Emancipation Proclamation to free all the slaves (Upchurch, 2011).

Discussion 2

The Role of Blacks in Civil war

            African-Americans or Blacks  served Civil war from both the sides i.e. The Union and the Confederate. Many times, the Civil war is represented as White Northerners were fighting with the White Southerners and blacks waiting for their fate to be decided. But it is not true because around 1.8 million African-Americans served around 160 units of the Union army. Only one percent of blacks resided in North. In 1865, freedman and slaves started serving Confederate troops. The African-American on both the sides served in multiple roles like nurses, cooks etc. during the war. The blacks in southern army were used to build fortifications and also perform camp duties. In northern army they served as guardians of bridges and railroads and were also assigned some non-combat duties. The main reason for this was that the southerners refused to give arms to the blacks and northern officers were having a belief that blacks would not fight. These people also served as scouts and spies in Union army and the data gathered by these spies was very helpful as it has information about the plans of Confederate armies (Gordon, 2000).

Discussion 3

Factions of Reconstruction under Lincoln, Johnson, and the Radical Republicans

            A faction under Andrew Johnson and Abraham Lincoln was in favor mild ways to bring back South America to normal mode, but the other faction, Radical Republicans lead by Benjamin Wade, Thaddeus Stevens and Charles Sumner wanted to adopt harsh policies and upgrade the rights to freedom. The President Abraham Lincoln was shot by the associates of south as he and his party were opposing slavery. All the measures taken by the government were opposed by the southerner’s white and increased racial issue. Southerners started hating northerners for the radical policies and so north hated south for their white supremacy beliefs. The benefits of all the efforts was that the reconstruction was less brutal than it could have and also redistribution of assets/property helped each and every individual in south (Billington, 1988).

Resurgence and increase in white racism

            After reconstruction as well south was having a war between the whites and the blacks. Blacks were still treated as inferior and it was shown in the behavior and act of whites. Whites always took measures to decrease the influence of blacks from politics. White through various acts like grandfather clause, poll tax, literacy taxes tried to vanish the legalization of black voters. Apart from this many Jim Crow segregation laws were created for the use of public transportation and facilities.

            Black tried many efforts to protest against the new rules through protesting, filing legal cases and even boycotts but all of them were in vain. Whites, to enforce the new laws, aimed blacks who tried to compete politically or economically. To overcome these situations African-Americans left south. Due to decrease in black population and new rules, whites became more powerful and were having command of justice system. As soon as the command of justice system was in hands of white again they punished blacks for a crime more harshly than the whites and often refusing to punish whites.

            In 1920s, scholars described black’s inferiors in their theories and films like “The Birth of a Nation” portraying blacks as criminal and stupid were trending. KKK, the Ku Klux Klan emerged as a highly influential political group as they included Jews, immigrants along with the black in the list of hatred groups. NAACP continued to work for the welfare of blacks and get rid of racial discrimination from political and social system. (Pooler, 2013)

Discussion 4

Relationship between the Great Depression, and President Roosevelt’s New Deal, and World War II

It was October 29 of the year 1929, which gave rise to the Great Depression. This was the Tuesday, which is considered as “Black Tuesday” in American history due to great crash in the stock market. The nation’s economic condition started deteriorating. The employment market was heavily affected leading high rate of unemployment and inflation. In order to revive the economic stability, the American president Franklin Roosevelt, initiated several programs which are commonly as New Deal. Moreover, the beginning of World War II in 1939, had made the economic condition more critical due to due to distortion of foreign trade. It is the Franklin Roosevelt’s New Deal and participation of America in 1941 which helped the country regenerate the economic prosperity (Trotter, 2004).

Effects on the African American

During the period of Great Depression and World War II, the rate unemployment among African Americans increased tremendously. In the southern part they were ill-treated and misbehaved at the work place due to this, they were forced to move to western part and work in the cotton fields. Black women were exploited by the payment of starvation wages and were treated as slaves. Moreover, the President Roosevelt’s New Deal had further infused more discrimination among blacks and whites. The main reason for this was to get support of southern democrats to pass the regulations of New Deal. They unwillingly forced to do so. The discrimination against African Americans was noticed in every policy of New Deal such as the National Recovery Administration (NRA), the Federal Housing Authority (FHA), the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC), Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA), National Youth Administration (NYA), etc. African Americans were deprived of several rights and their life miserably during these events. They were liable to get social security benefits (Rosati, & Scott, 2010).

Discussion 5

Role of radical groups, individuals, and organizations in the Civil Rights Movement 1965-1980

In the American history, the word ‘black’ was used to describe enslaved Africans. Negro was the alternative term used for them. Their struggles to get racial justice empowered them to initiate the self-destructive Black Power Movement. Their violent acts, grandiloquence, misogyny have been reasons for their demonization. The Black Power movement had taken place during the final phase of the Civil Rights Movement to get political powers and rights. Violence was used as a tool in this movement in the United States (Neal, n.d.).

Malcolm X laid the foundation of Black Power movement by challenging the Civil Rights movement and ideologies of non-violence and integration advocated by Martin Luther King Jr. The Civil Rights movement was challenged as no improvements were noticed in racial discrimination. He advocate by the use of violence or any necessary means for self-defence and physical retaliation. After his assassination, the BLACK PANTHER PARTY was formed by HUEY NEWTON and BOBBY SEALE. They encouraged the formation and joining of black political parties to acquire challenging political power that lead to their social and economic development.  The Black Arts Movement was an innovative form of movement to whereby artists and students were calling for the liberty of blacks by making use of artistic sources such as music, fine-art, and literature. In this movement, the use of art was done to communicate African Americans’ aspiration for self-determination and civil rights. The promotion of black separatism was the main agenda of this movement. This movement started in 1965, when Le roi Jones set up the Black Arts Repertory Theatre/School (BARTS). The Black student movement is divided into the two stages. In the first stage which began in 1960s, the protests and demonstrations were by SNCC and CORE to increase the registration of black voters. However, during the second stage, white colleges were forced by black students to increase number of classes to provide education of black history and culture. Black students started forming the Black Student Union (Joseph, 2009).

References

Billington, R., A. (1988). American History before 1877. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield.

Gordon, J., U. (2000). Black Leadership for Social Change. Westport: Greenwood Publishing Group.

Joseph, P. E. (2009). The Black Power Movement: A State of the Field. The Journal of American History: 751-776.

May, C. (2010). Evangelism and Resistance in the Black Atlantic, 1760-1835. Athens: University of Georgia Press.

Neal, L. (n.d.).The Black Arts Movement. Summer 1968. Retrieved February 27, 2016, from http://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/maai3/community/text8/blackartsmovement.pdf

Pooler, N. (2013). Chapter 17: African Americans and the 1920’s: The Harle. Retrieved February 26, 2016, from http://wps.prenhall.com/wps/media/objects/228/233995/im_ch17_1.pdf

Rosati, J., A., & Scott, J., M. (2010). The Politics of United States Foreign Policy. Boston: Cengage Learning.

Trotter, J., W. (2004). African Americans, Impact of the Great Depression on the Great Depression. Macmillan Reference USA (1): 8-17.

Upchurch, T., A. (2011). Abolition Movement. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO.

The Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia, "FARC" and Home organization & freedom Spanish "ETA" groups

Introduction

In today’s world, Terrorism is one of the several critical issues that has created headache for world leaders. In some cases, Rebel with noble cause gets converted to anti-social fight against world. FARC and ETA are two such examples. These two organizations started their activities for a good purpose and gradually their intensions changed and today, they fall under dangerous terrorist organizations. Violence and terror are used by these types of paramilitaries to affect the political condition of the country.

FARC is a small group of rebellions involved in illegal activities. This team became active since 1964. They are also known as People’s army because it consists of small farmers, poor people etc. They present their war as a fight against injustice to the poor. Basques, an ancient group of people were one of the oldest settlers in the area which now comes between the border of France and Spain. They were having a different language and were ethically distinct from Spain and France. Their history is based on making desperate attempts to preserve their culture and independence from violent invaders (Anderson, 2003).

History

“La Violencia” was a duration of 10 years from 1948 to 1958. During this time, two political parties fought with each other and it affected several common people. This war was between Colombian political party and Colombian liberal party. It started with the murder of liberal party member and potential candidate for party president. Just after his death, rebellion started the war and in first 10 hours, bloodshed started which took lives of more than 500 people. It was the time when Colombian political party was governing Colombia and they provoked their supporters to capture the land of other farmers supporting Colombian liberal party. The situation become more difficult when army started bombing in 1963-63. At that time, guerrilla movement was started (Alfredo, 2000). In 1966, they arranged one meeting to discuss on the problem. This meeting was the birth place to “The Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia” - “FARC”. With the aim to enlarge the rebellion group and increase the activities in other areas of country, they created this group with the final aim of getting the highest position in politics means winning power. They increased the speed of recruiting new army and armed activity (Sanchez & Palau, 2006).

Basques considered themselves different from Spanish people and always wanted a separate nation from Spain due to which they were also the enemies of people who were against dividing Spain and government as well (Douglass & Zulaika1990). Many halfhearted negotiations took place between Spanish government and ETA but the organization never close to their goals. ETA wanted a Basque nation and their right to govern. It is the European longest surviving terrorist organization and also one of the oldest terrorist organization in the world (Anderson, 2003). After a very bad sustainability in 1990's and a cease fire in 1999, ETA reorganized themselves in 2001 and after that 38 people died due to the attacks by ETA. The activists of this group were supported by many government bodies and election participants.

Modus Operandi

FARC raised funds by many illegal activities like kidnapping, drugs or many other such activities. Till now, there is no strength determination of FARC because over the time there had been a lot of statements from FARC regarding number of militants in FARC army, for reference in 2007 the number told was 18000 but in 2010 the number came out to be less (Fox, 2012). The count of forces included men, women and underage kids. Thought the number was calculated real high in the years after which added people from other forces like paramilitary and other terrorist groups. Initially, the Colombian liberal party supports were fighting the civil war with their old methods. However, any battle needs money and man power. For man power, they increased their speed to recruit new members. Now the main question was the source of money. To fulfill this requirement, they started doing the activities which are harmful to society. Due to enlargement of group, they kept on covering more and more area for their demands. Currently, FARK is spread across many countries like Colombia, Peru, Venezuela, Brazil, Panama etc. there are many other possible areas where one can easily hide in plan side. Drug trade, extortions and kidnappings (Fox, 2012).

ETA was formed in 1959 but they were not killing people until 1968. After that they were engaged in many lethal violence. These lethal violence was in the form of robberies, bombings, kidnappings, assassinations, and other dreadful activities (Douglass & Zulaika1990). In a massive attack ETA activists killed Carrero Blanco - Prime Minister of Spain and 2 men accompanying him as bodyguards. There was no difference between the activities of ETA after the death of Carrero. ETA user demands were not fulfilled and always tried to frighten government with their lethal and illegal activities (BBC, 2011). There was a reduction in activities of ETA in 1981 due to which they changed their strategies. Due to inner attrition their activities were at equilibrium with activities of state to punish ETA activists. In 1987 and 1991, ETA exploded car bombs due to which there was a huge rise in casualties. They were also indulged in many cease fires due to which many of the ETA activists met death and hence reducing their strength. The activists were planning to spoil the Olympics games of Barcelona and pressurize the state but their planned were ruined by the police operations.

Handling Counter Terrorism

FARC group used different illegal work as their method to raise money. Their continuous flow of money attracts other people to join the force which helped them to attack people against them. They target the Colombian politics, military and economy. To do this, they follow conventional guerrilla techniques. They do bombings, killings, mortar attacks (Civil war with a heavy loss is an example) to convey their messages to the government and stop the counter activities done by government. Generally, they apply hit and run scenarios. FARC is raising money through extortion and kidnapping. One of their famous kidnapping target was French Politian. In 2002, they kidnapped him and two other persons. The reason must be money. The army operation of 2008 was successful and they were released (Renwick, 2016).

Spanish Government used many counter terrorist groups to stop ETA activities and were very successful in it as there was decline in terrorist activities performed by ETA. Spanish government also used special tactics like imprisoning the activists in masses to reduce their strengths and moral. Government treated the ETA activists taken into prison as political prisoners. Those who accepted the terms of government were expelled from the clan and sometimes killed. Spanish government also banned the political parties which supported the terrorist activities and many times imprisoned the politicians supporting ETA (Douglass & Zulaika1990). Political party named Herri Batasuna was banned for supporting ETA. Government Judge Baltasar Garzon initiated a judicial structure to support ETA which started in 1998 and banned the newspapers that supported ETA activities and also imprisoned the editors to investigate. Government also tried to negotiate but were never close to the demands of ETA which resulted in more casualties (BBC, 2011).

ETA followed violent tactics to summon Spanish government. ETA killed many people in direct attacks. They bombed many places and killed multiple people and sometimes ETA members itself. They many times used mortars to attack police bases and military camps. They were not expert and lacked precision due to which they stopped using it. They threatened many state officials by planning attacks on Olympic Games to be held at Barcelona. They demanded extortion money from business owners in different parts of Spain which they called "Revolutionary tax". ETA members were also involved in robberies, they robbed vehicles, explosives and weapons to support their activities (NCTC. 2016). They were also involved in many kidnapping cases in which they demanded revolutionary tax, if not paid they killed the person. They were also having links with government officials who supported ETA activists in their acts.

Effectiveness of groups

FARC was mostly concentrated in Colombia’s southeastern region. But later FARC was drove away from the affected region and they had to stay hidden in jungle areas. Colombian government finally declare FARC as a terrorist group along with some other countries like United States, New Zealand. Besides this there were other countries which considered FARC as official military forces and even asked the government of Colombia to FARC a title of fighting army of Colombia. The Colombian government laid some conditions for the same which covered FARC to stop illegal activities like kidnapping and other terrorism methods but nothing went into place hence nothing was done in this context. At later stage, under current government of Colombia, FARC agreed to some of these conditions and announced an end to kidnapping and ransom. In lieu to have a good relationship in future they even released some of the soldiers who were kidnapped earlier but at the same time there was no news on civilian release from FARC which were kidnapped with an intension of ransom which lead people of Colombia against FARC (Forero, 2015).

The Government of Spain declared ETA a terrorist organization and many times took extreme police measures to remove ETA from Spain. Many ETA activists were tortured, killed and imprisoned by Spanish government in response to that ETA activists committed violent acts to force government to fulfill their political needs (Curtis & Karacan, 2002). After they failed to spoil Olympics of Barcelona, they changed their tactics and targeted the state officials and representatives. The main reason for this change was that the officials like judges, councilors etc. have more impact on public opinion. ETA has close connections with Irish Republican Army (IRA) and several times follows its strategies (Shepard, 2002). Apart from illegal terrorist attacks ETA was also involved in narcotics trafficking. They were having internal wars to control market in Spain. They used to trade cocaine and heroin to get illegal weapons to support their activities. ETA also traded Hamas with explosives to Middle Eastern terrorist group which they stole from Brittany.

Recorded Causalities

Around 2 lac people died in a civil war started by FARC group. Many were disappeared or lost in the war. Their motive is to have full influence or control on the region in Columbia (Combs & Slann, 2009). Apart from that, they also want to be armed after the government agree their demand of region control. They also want to have their political party and a way to give rebellions their normal life back (Mapping Militant Organization, 2015). A group of young Basques, founded ETA (Euskadi Ta Askatasuna) - Basque Homeland and Security in 1959. This group was formed to get the independence for the region where Basques lived in Spain from the latest invader, the dictator of Spain, General Francisco Franco. They killed 800 people and injured many in search of independence (Sanchez, 2009).

Conclusion

Terror in any form is harmful to humanity and it costs a lot. A terrorist is also not doing any good for oneself by putting life at risk. Be it rebel or Jihad, if a group of people is doing illegal and harmful activities then they are considered as terrorists. The Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia, "FARC" (Abbot, 2014) and Home organization & freedom Spanish "ETA" groups are such examples of rebellions initially but declared as terrorist afterwards. FARC is a result of Colombian government’s injustice to the farmers, where ETA is a result of demand for independent country. The activities of both the organization killed many people. These groups learns various techniques of attacks, wars and use them on political groups which indirectly affects the common man also. Both groups are carrying various tactics like kidnapping, murders, bombings etc. To stop such groups, governments are forced to take strict actions and declare such groups as terrorist groups (NCTC. 2016).

References

Abbot, P. K. (2014). The Intractable Conflict: Why Colombia’s War against the FARC Eludes Resolution. Retrieved February 10, 2016, from https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=15&ved=0ahUKEwiBzqLMi-7KAhUIHo4KHcxqAV8QFghtMA4&url=http%3A%2F%2Fsmallwarsjournal.com%2Fprintpdf%2F17369&usg=AFQjCNF5wm26hVbhTm8-YYwygBVXPxOgww&sig2=Y_yU0YKUzdi6bzByZpRWcQ&cad=rjas

Alfredo, M. (2000). The evolution of the FARC: A guerrilla group's long history. NACLA Report on the Americas, 34(2): 23-31.

Anderson, W. (2003). The ETA: Spain's Basque Terrorists, inside the world's most infamous terrorist organizations. New York: The Rosen Publishing Group.

BBC. (2011). What is Eta? Retrieved February, 10, from, http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-11183574­

Combs, C. C., & Slann, M. W. (2009). Encyclopedia of Terrorism, Revised Edition. New York: Infobase Publishing.

Curtis, E. G., & Karacan, T. (2002). The nexus among terrorists, narcotics, traffickers, weapons proliferators, and organized crime networks in Western Europe. Retrieved February 10, 2016, from http://www.loc.gov/rr/frd/pdf-files/WestEurope_NEXUS.pdf

Douglass, W. A., & Zulaika. (1990). On the Interpretation of Terrorist Violence: ETA and the Basque Political Process. Comparative Studies in Society and History, 32 (2):  238-257

Forero, J. (2015). Colombia, FARC Rebel Group Reach Breakthrough Agreement in Peace Talks Sides agree on disarmament, war crime prosecution issues. Retrieved February 10, 2016, from http://www.wsj.com/articles/colombia-farc-guerrillas-make-key-advance-in-peace-talks-1443027656

Fox, E. (2012). FARC Diversifying Tactics with Unconventional Explosives. Retrieved February 10, 2016, from http://www.insightcrime.org/news-briefs/farc-diversifying-tactics-with-unconventional-explosives

Mapping Militant Organization. (2015). Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia - People's Army. Retrieved February 10, 2016, from https://web.stanford.edu/group/mappingmilitants/cgi-bin/groups/view/89

NCTC. (2016). Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC). Retrieved February 10, 2016, from http://www.nctc.gov/site/groups/farc.html

Renwick, D. (2016). FARC, ELN: Colombia's Left-Wing Guerrillas. Retrieved February 10, 2016, from http://www.cfr.org/colombia/farc-eln-colombias-left-wing-guerrillas/p9272

Sanchez, F., & Palau, M. (2006). Conflict, decentralisation and local governance in colombia, 1974-2004. Retrieved February 10, 2016, from http://www.lse.ac.uk/internationalDevelopment/research/crisisStates/download/seminars/SanchezJune06.pdf

Sanchez, I. (2009). Explaining temporal variation in the lethality of ETA. Retrieved February 10, 2016, from http://recursos.march.es/web/ceacs/proyectos/dtv/pdf/Explaining%20temporal%20variation%20in%20the%20lethality%20of%20ETA%20RIS.pdf

Shepard, W. S. (2002). The ETA: Spain Fights Europe’s Last Active Terrorist Group. Mediterranean Quarterly (Winter): 54-68.

U.S. Vice President’s Task Force. (1988). Terrorism Group Profiles. Retrieved February 10, 2016, from https://books.google.co.in/books?id=55BZmIJ9xd8C&pg=PA102&dq=The+Revolutionary+Armed+Forces+of+Colombia,+%22FARC&hl=en&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=The%20Revolutionary%20Armed%20Forces%20of%20Colombia%2C%20%22FARC&f=false

Vargas, R. (1999).The Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) and the Illicit Drug Trade. Retrieved February 10, 2016, from https://www.tni.org/en/briefing/revolutionary-armed-forces-colombia-farc-and-illicit-drug-trade